117: Agraphia: an Introduction to Assessment and Treatment with Brett McCardel, MS, CCC-SLP

Agraphia is an acquired impairment of writing that can manifest in a variety of writing challenges, ranging anywhere from writing single letters to writing text-length passages. In this talk, listeners will be introduced to a variety of assessment tools and treatment approaches they may consider using when working with clients with agraphia.

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topics covered:

  • Identify where to access a free assessment for writing at the single word-level

  • Identify at least 2 treatment techniques for writing at the single word-level

  • Identify at least 2 different types of assistive technology available for people with agraphia


Resources mentioned in the episode:

Archways Resources Handouts: https://www.archwaysrehab.com/resources

Neuropsychological Model of Writing: https://www.archwaysrehab.com/s/cog-neuro-model-of-writing.pdf

Agraphia Classifications: https://www.archwaysrehab.com/s/Agraphia-Classifications.pdf

Beeson’s Phonological Treatment: https://aphasia.sites.arizona.edu/sites/aphasia.sites.arizona.edu/files/2018-10/Phonological%20Treatment.pdf

Arizona Battery for Reading and Spelling: https://aphasia.sites.arizona.edu/content/8

Typ-O: Apple App recommended as an electronic spell checker that has a speech recognition tool which gives you the possibility to speak the word that you want to write.

dive into the literature:

Beeson, P.M., Rising, K., Kim, E. & Rapcsak, S.Z. (2010). A treatment sequence for phonological alexia/agraphia. Journal of Speech, Language, Hearing Research 53, 450-468. https://doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2009/08-0229)

Johnson, J. P., Ross, K., & Kiran, S. (2019). Multi-step treatment for acquired alexia and agraphia (Part I): efficacy, generalisation, and identification of beneficial treatment steps. Neuropsychological rehabilitation, 29(4), 534–564. 

Rapcsak, S. Z., Henry, M. L., Teague, S. L., Carnahan, S. D., & Beeson, P. M. (2007). Do dual-route models accurately predict reading and spelling performance in individuals with acquired alexia and agraphia?. Neuropsychologia, 45(11), 2519–2524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.03.019

more on brett mccardel:

Check out Brett’s website, full of great Aphasia resources: Archways Rehab

Connect with Brett on Instagram.


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Brett McCardel, MS, CCC-SLP, is the owner and founder of Archways - Aphasia Rehabilitation Services, a private practice based in Seattle, WA that specializes in providing speech and language services to people with aphasia. He has worked with people with aphasia across the continuum of care and across a variety of service-delivery models (including telehealth and intensive aphasia programs). He is passionate about aphasia advocacy and promoting a Life Participation Approach to Aphasia.


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